Forfeiture Endangers American RightsFederal Statutes: Offenses that trigger federal forfeiture
Automobiles --
�18 U.S.C. Section 1324, Forfeiture of vehicles used to transport illegal aliens
�18 U.S.C. Section 512, Forfeiture of automobiles and parts with altered VIN numbers
�18 U.S.C. Section 981, Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 511, altering or removing automobile VIN numbers
�18 U.S.C. Section 553, importation or exportation of stolen vehicles, vessels or aircraft
�18 U.S.C. Section 2119, carjacking
�18 U.S.C. Section 2312, transportation of stolen vehicles �18 U.S.C. Section 2313. sale or receipt of stolen vehicles
�18 U.S.C. Section 982, Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981
�49 U.S.C. Section 782 Forfeiture of vehicles used to facilitate transportation of contraband
Banking regulations and FIRREA (Financial Institutions Reform and Recovery Enforcement Act)
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 215, corruptly giving or receiving a commission or gift for procuring loan
�18 U.S.C. Section 656, theft, embezzlement or misapplication by bank officer or employee
�18 U.S.C. Section 657, theft, embezzlement or misapplication by officer or employee or FDIC or other bank regulator or receiver
�18 U.S.C. Section 1005, false or fraudulent statement by officer or employee of bank
�18 U.S.C. Section 1006, false or fraudulent statement by agent or employee or FDIC, RTC or other banking regulator or receiver
�18 U.S.C. Section 1007, false or fraudulent statement to FDIC
�18 U.S.C. Section 1014, false or fraudulent statement to loan officer
�18 U.S.C. Section 1029, fraud in connection with bank account access device
�18 U.S.C. Section 1032, concealment of assets from receiver or liquidating agent of financial institution
�18 U.S.C. Section 1344, bank fraud
�18 U.S.C. Section 1956, money laundering of proceeds of specified federal crimes
�18 U.S.C. Section 1957, engaging in monetary transaction with proceeds of specified federal crimes
�31 U.S.C. Section 5313(a), Violation of reporting requirements for domestic currency transactions
�31 U.S.C. Section 5324(a), Structuring transactions to avoid reporting requirements
�18 U.S.C. Section 982 Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981 plus the following:
�18 U.S.C. Section 1960, conducting illegal money transmitting business
�31 U.S. C. Section 5316, reporting requirements for importing and exporting monetary instruments.
�18 U.S.C. Section 3322 Information obtained by grand jury may be disclosed to U.S. Attorney for FIRREA forfeiture purposes
Copyright and Trademark Infringement
�17 U.S.C. Section 509 Phonorecords manufactured, distributed, etc. in violation of copyright laws
Counterfeiting
�18 U.S.C. Section 492 Forfeiture of counterfeit money, securities, and counterfeiting devices
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 471, counterfeiting, altering, or forgery of U.S. obligation or security
�18 U.S.C. Section 472, uttering (passing or selling) counterfeit obligations or securities of U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 473, dealing in counterfeit obligations or securities of U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 474, possession of plates for counterfeiting obligations or securities of U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 476, taking impression of tools used for counterfeiging obligations or securities of U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 477, possessing or selling impression of tools used for counterfeiging obligations or securities of U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 478, forging or counterfeiting obligations or securities of foreign countries
�18 U.S.C. Section 479, uttering (passing or selling) counterfeit obligations or securities of foreign countries
�18 U.S.C. Section 480, possession of counterfeit obligations or securities of foreign countries
�18 U.S.C. Section 481, possession of plates for counterfeiting obligations or securities of foreign countries
�18 U.S.C. Section 485, counterfeiting, uttering or possession of counterfeit coins or silver or gold bars �18 U.S.C. Section 486, making, uttering or passing counterfeit coins
�18 U.S.C. Section 487, making or possessing dies used for counterfeiting coins of U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 488, making or possessing dies used for counterfeiting coins of foreign countries
�18 U.S.C. Section 501, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged U.S. postage stamp, or postage meter stamp
�18 U.S.C. Section 502, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged foreign postage stamp, or revenue stamp
Currency Transaction Reporting Violations
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�31 U.S.C. Section 5313(a), Violation of reporting requirements for domestic currency transactions
�31 U.S.C. Section 5324(a), Structuring transactions to avoid reporting requirements
�18 U.S.C. Section 982 Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981 plus the following:
�31 U.S. C. Section 5316, reporting requirements for importing and exporting monetary instruments.
�31 U.S.C. Section 5311, Monetary Transaction Reporting Requirements ‑ purpose of subchapter
�31 U.S.C. Section 5312, Definitions for subchapter
�31 U.S.C. Section 5313, Requirement that reports be filed for monetary transactions (including bank deposits exceeding a certain dollar value, the amount set by regulations of Secretary of the Treasury)
�31 U.S.C. Section 5314 Requirement that reports be filed for monetary transactions with foreign financial institutions
�31 U.S.C. Section 5315 Requirement that reports be filed on foreign currency transactions
�31 U.S.C. Section 5316 Requirement that reports be filed on import and export of monetary instruments
�31 U.S.C. Section 5317 Search and seizures for monetary instruments (no warrant required at border) and forfeiture provisions for failure to file reports
�31 U.S.C. Section 5321 Civil penalties for Monetary Transaction Reports
Customs and Import/Export violations
�18 U.S.C. Section 545 Smuggling Goods Into the United States
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 542, entry of goods by means of false statements
�18 U.S.C. Section 545, smuggling goods into the U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 553, importation or exportation of stolen vehicles, vessels or aircraft
�18 U.S.C. Section 982, Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981 plus the following:
�31 U.S.C. Section 5316, Requirement that reports be filed on import and export of monetary instruments
�19 U.S.C. Section 1497 Penalties for failure to declare imported goods to customs upon entry (including forfeiture of such goods)
�19 U.S.C. Section 1584 Penalties for false or no customs manifests (including forfeiture)
�19 U.S.C. Section 1594 Forfeiture of conveyances for Customs violations
�19 U.S.C. Section 1595a Forfeiture for aiding unlawful importation
�19 U.S.C. Section 1600 Application of customs laws of customs procedures set out in sections 1602 through 1619
�22 U.S.C. Section 401 Exportation of arms or munitions of war
Drug Offenses
�18 U.S.C. Section 3554Order of criminal forfeiture after drug criminal forfeiture verdicts under (21 U.S.C. Section 853)
�21 U.S.C. Section 334 Seizure of articles of food and drug for FDA violations
�21 U.S.C. Section 844a Civil penalty for possession of small amounts of certain controlled substances
�21 U.S.C. Section 848 Continuing Criminal Enterprise
�21 U.S.C. Section 853 Criminal Forfeiture for Drug Violations
�21 U.S.C. Section 862 Denial of Federal Benefits To Drug Traffickers and Possessors
�21 U.S.C. Section 881 Civil Forfeiture for Drug Violations
�21 U.S.C. Section 888 Expedited procedures for vehicles seized for drug related offenses
Environmental crimes
*18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 1956 money laundering the proceeds of specific federal crimes
�18 U.S.C. Section 1957 engaging in transactions with the proceeds of federal crimes listed under 18 U.S.C. Section 1956
�18 U.S.C. Section 1956 money laundering the proceeds of these federal crimes:
�33 U.S.C. Section 1251, pollution of U.S. waterways
�33 U.S.C. Section 1401, ocean dumping
�33 U.S.C. Section 1901, pollution from ships
�42 U.S.C. Section 300f, pollution of drinking water supply
�42 U.S.C. Section 6901, solid waste disposal violations
Explosives
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 842, importing or dealing in explosives without a license �18 U.S.C. Section 844, penalties for explosives violations
�18 U.S.C. Section 982, Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981
Firearms
�18 U.S.C. Section 924 Penalties for firearms importation violations
Forgery
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 471, counterfeiting, altering, or forgery of U.S. obligation or security
�18 U.S.C. Section 478, forging or counterfeiting obligations or securities of foreign countries
�18 U.S.C. Section 501, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged U.S. postage stamp, or postage meter stamp �18 U.S.C. Section 502, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged foreign postage stamp, or revenue stamp
�18 U.S.C. Section 510, forging endorsements on Treasury checks, bonds or U.S. securities
�18 U.S.C. Section 982 Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981
Fraud
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 1001, false or fraudulent statement to government agency
�18 U.S.C. Section 1005, false or fraudulent statement by officer or employee of bank
�18 U.S.C. Section 1006, false or fraudulent statement by agent or employee or FDIC, RTC or other banking regulator or receiver
�18 U.S.C. Section 1007, false or fraudulent statement to FDIC
�18 U.S.C. Section 1014, false or fraudulent statement to loan officer
�18 U.S.C. Section 1029, fraud in connection with bank account access device
�18 U.S.C. Section 1030, fraudulent or unauthorized access to government computer
�18 U.S.C. Section 1031, major fraud against U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 1032, concealment of assets from receiver or liquidating agent of financial institution
�18 U.S.C. Section 1341, mail fraud
�18 U.S.C. Section 1343, wire fraud (radio or television) �18 U.S.C. Section 1344, bank fraud
�18 U.S.C. Section 982, Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981
�28 U.S.C. Section 2514 Forfeiture of Claims Against the U.S. for Fraud or Attempted Fraud
Gambling
�15 U.S.C. Section 1177 Forfeiture of gambling devices
�18 U.S.C. Section 1955 Forfeiture of property, including money, used in violation of federal gambling law
Government agencies ‑ mistatements to, etc.
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 666(a)(1), theft or bribery by employee of agency or organization receiving federal funds
�18 U.S.C. Section 1001, false or fraudulent statement to government agency �18 U.S.C. Section 1006, false or fraudulent statement by agent or employee or FDIC, RTC or other banking regulator or receiver
�18 U.S.C. Section 1007, false or fraudulent statement to FDIC
�18 U.S.C. Section 1030, fraudulent or unauthorized access to government computer
�18 U.S.C. Section 1031, major fraud against U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 1032, concealment of assets from receiver or liquidating agent of financial institution
�18 U.S.C. Section 982, Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981
Immigration
�8 U.S.C. Section 1324 Bringing In and Harboring Certain Aliens
Internal Revenue Service
�26 U.S.C. Section 7122 Compromises
�26 U.S.C. Section 7301 Property Subject to Tax
�26 U.S.C. Section 7302 Forfeiture of Property Used in Violation of Internal Revenue Laws
�26 U.S.C. Section 7303 Other property subject to forfeiture under IRS laws, including counterfeit tax stamps, contents of packages with fraudulent tax stamps or fraudulent bonds, permits or entries
�26 U.S.C. Section 7321 Authority to Seize Property Subject To Forfeiture
�26 U.S.C. Section 7322 Delivery of Seized Property to U.S. Marshal
�26 U.S.C. Section 7323 Judicial Action to Enforce Forfeiture
�26 U.S.C. Section 7324 Special Disposition of Perishable Goods
�26 U.S.C. Section 7325 Personal Property Valued At $100,000 Or Less
�26 U.S.C. Section 7327 Customs Remission/Mitigation Laws Applicable
�26 U.S.C. Section 7401 Authorization to Commence Civil Action for Recovery of Taxes or Fine, Penalty or Forfeiture
Money Laundering
�18 U.S.C. Section 981 Civil forfeiture for property used to facilitate, or proceeds of violations of any of the following statutes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 1956 money laundering the proceeds of specific federal crimes
�18 U.S.C. Section 1957 engaging in transactions with the proceeds of federal crimes listed under 18 U.S.C. Section 1956
�18 U.S.C. Section 1956 money laundering the proceeds of these federal crimes:
�18 U.S.C. Section 152, Concealment of assets, false oath under penalty of perjury, fraudulent claims, bankruptcy fraud
�18 U.S.C. Section 215, corruptly giving or receiving a commission or gift for procuring loan
�18 U.S.C. Section 500, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged money orders
�18 U.S.C. Section 501, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged U.S. postage stamp, or postage meter stamp
�18 U.S.C. Section 502, making, forging or possessing counterfeit or forged foreign postage stamp, or revenue stamp
�18 U.S.C. Section 503, forging or counterfeiting postmarking stamps
�18 U.S.C. Section 513, making, possessing or uttering (passing) forged securities
�18 U.S.C. Section 542, entry of goods by means of false statements
�18 U.S.C. Section 545, smuggling goods into the U.S.
�18 U.S.C. Section 549, removing goods from customs, breaking customs seals or affixing false customs seals
�18 U.S.C. Section 641, theft, embezzlement, etc. of government property
�18 U.S.C. Section 656, theft, embezzlement or misapplication by bank officer or employee
�18 U.S.C. Section 657, theft, embezzlement or misapplication by officer or employee or FDIC or other bank regulator or receiver
�18 U.S.C. Section 658, fraudulently removing or concealing property mortgaged by the government
�18 U.S.C. Section 666, theft or bribery by employee of agency or organization receiving federal funds
�18 U.S.C. Section 793, gathering, transmitting or losing defense information
�18 U.S.C. Section 794, gathering, transmitting or losing defense information to aid foreign government
�18 U.S.C. Section 798, disclosure of classified information
�18 U.S.C. Section 875, interstate communication of kidnapping ransom demands or threats
�18 U.S.C. Section 1005, false or fraudulent statement by officer or employee of bank �� �18 U.S.C. Section 1006, false or fraudulent statement by agent or employee or FDIC, RTC or other banking regulator or receiver
�18 U.S.C. Section 1007, false or fraudulent statement to FDIC
�18 U.S.C. Section 1014, false or fraudulent statement to loan officer
�18 U.S.C. Section 1032, concealing assets from conservator, receiver or liquidator of financial institution �18 U.S.C. Section 1201, kidnapping
�18 U.S.C. Section 1203, hostage taking
�18 U.S.C. Section 1708, theft or receipt of stolen mail matter
�18 U.S.C. Section 2113, bank robbery
�18 U.S.C. Section 2114, robbery of postal worker or other person having lawful control of property of the United States
�18 U.S.C. Section 2319, criminal infringement of a copyright
�18 U.S.C. Section 2320, trafficking in counterfeit goods or services
�19 U.S.C. Section 1590, aviation smuggling
�33 U.S.C. Section 1251, pollution of U.S. waterways
�33 U.S.C. Section 1401, ocean dumping
�33 U.S.C. Section 1901, pollution from ships
�42 U.S.C. Section 300f, pollution of drinking water supply
�42 U.S.C. Section 6901, solid waste disposal violations
�18 U.S.C. Section 982, Criminal Forfeiture Provisions for the same offenses as Section 981 plus the following:
�18 U.S.C. Section 1960, conducting illegal money transmitting business
�31 U.S.C. Section 5313(a), Violation of reporting requirements for domestic currency transactions
�31 U.S.C. Section 5324(a), Structuring transactions to avoid reporting requirements
Pornography
�18 U.S.C. Section 1467 Criminal Forfeiture relating to obscene materials
�18 U.S.C. Section 2232 Penalties for removal of property to prevent seizure
�18 U.S.C. Section 2251 Sexual exploitation of children (child pornography)
�18 U.S.C. Section 2251A Parent selling or transferring custody of child for purpose of producing child pornography
�18 U.S.C. Section 2252 Possession, transportation and sales of child pornography ���� �18 U.S.C. Section 2253 Criminal forfeiture penalties for child pornography
�18 U.S.C. Section 2254 Civil forfeiture for child porn
Prison‑made goods ‑‑ shipping regulations
�18 U.S.C. Section 1762 Penalties for failure to mark packages containing prisoner made goods
Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations (R.I.C.O.)
�18 U.S.C. Sections 1962 Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations (R.I.C.O.) criminal provisions
�18 U.S.C. Section 1963 Racketeer Influenced Corrupt Organizations (R.I.C.O.) forfeiture provisions
�18 U.S.C. Section 3554 Order of criminal forfeiture for RICO (18 U.S.C. Section 1962) after drug (21 U.S.C. Section 853) convictions
Smuggling
�18 U.S.C. Section 545, Smuggling goods into the U.S
Transportation Of Contraband
�49 U.S.C. Section 781 Substantive offenses
�49 U.S.C. Section 782 Forfeiture of faciliatating vehicle
War and National Defense
�18 U.S.C. Section 793 Gathering, transmitting or losing defense information
�18 U.S.C. Section 794 Gathering or delivering defense information to aid foreign government
�18 U.S.C. Section 3681 Order of Special Forfeiture for violation of 18 U.S.C. Section 794
�18 U.S.C. Section 3682 Notice to Victims of Order of Special Forfeiture
�22 U.S.C. Section 401 Exportation of arms or munitions of war
�50 U.S.C. Appendix Section 16 War and National Defense forfeiture provisions